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CC 303: Latin and Greek Elements in English

Bases: Latin Lessons 22-24

Latin Lesson XXII

GRAT- pleasing, grateful
congratulate, congratulation, congratulatory, grateful, gratification, gratify, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity, ingrate, ingratiate, ingratitude, exempli gratia (e.g.), persona non grata, gracias (Sp.); Disguised Root: the Graces (Aglaia, Euphrosyne, Thalia), agree

MISC-, MIXT- to mix
admixture, apomixis (asexual reproduction of plants), miscellanea, miscegenation, miscellaneous, miscellany, mix, promiscuous, Disguised Root: meddle, medley, mlange, melee, mustang, pell-mell

MOV-, MOT- to move (also MOB- < mobilis)
automobile, automotive, commotion, demote, emote, emotion, emotional, emotive, immobile, locomotion, locomotive, mob, mobile, mobile vulgus, mobility, mobilize, motion, motive, motor, move, promote, promotion, remote, removal, remove; Disguised Root: moment, momentary, momentous, momentum, mutinous, mutiny, motif (< motive Fr.; in art, lit., music, a main element, feature, or theme < the inner drive, the impulse)

NEG- to deny [also NE-]
necessary (ne+cess to yield), necessity, necessitate, nefarious, neuter, neglect, negligence, negligent, negotiable, negotiate, abnegation, self-abnegation, renegade, (re+negare to deny), nice (ne+scire to know orig. not knowing, ignorant)

PURG- to clean [also PUR- clean, pure]
pure, pure, purgation, purgative, purgatorial, purgatory, purge, purism, purist, puritanical, purity, impure, expurgate, unexpurgated, purblind (slow in understanding or discernment, dull), purify, purebred, Puritan

VULG- common, ordinary
vulgar, vulgarity, Vulgate (a Latin version of the Bible prepared by St. Jerome in the 4th century, authorized as the official biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church), vulgus, divulge, promulgate, ad captandum vulgus (to catch or please the crowd; a logical fallacy)

Latin Lesson XXIII

CORD- heart [< IE kerd- heart > Gk. kardia > cardiac etc.]
cordate (biology: having a heart-shaped outline, said of a leaf), cordial, cordially, cordiality, accord, concord, concordance, concordant, discord, discordant, obcordate (in botany, heart-shaped and joined to the stem at the apex, said of certain leaves), record, misericord (lit. merciful heart; formerly a relaxation of the strict observance of a rule or rules of a monastery; also a dagger by which the death stroke was administered to a seriously wounded knight)
Grimms Law (k/h): heart

FLECT-, FLEX- to bend
circumflex, deflect, deflection, deflector, flex, flexibility, flexible, flexion (anatomy: the bending of a joint or limb by contraction of flexor muscles), flexor (a muscle that bends a limb or other part of the body), genuflect, inflect, inflection, inflectional, inflexible, reflector, reflect, reflection, reflective, reflex, reflexive, retroflex

MAN(U)- hand [also MAIN- < Fr.]
command, commando, commend, demand, maintain, maintenance, manacle, manage, mandate, mandatory, mange (the art of riding and training horses, horsemanship), maneuver, manicotti, manicure, manifest, manifesto, maniple, manipulate, manipulation, manner, mansuetude, manual, manufacture, manumission, manumit, manure, manuscript, recommend, coup de main

PORT- to carry
comport, comportment, deport, deportment, disport (to play, frolic; lit to carry away), export, exportation, import, importance, important, importation, port arms (rifle held diagonally across the chest, in the position to be carried), portable, portage, porter, portfolio, portly, portmanteau, purport, rapport, report, sport (aphetic of disport), support, teleportation, transport

STRU-, STRUCT- to build
construct, construction, constructive, construe, deconstruct, deconstruction, deconstructive, destructibility, destructible, destruction, infrastructure, instruct, obstruct, obstruction, reconstruction, structural, structuralist, structure, structuralism, superstructure, instrument, misconstrue; Disguised Root: destroy

TERMIN- boundary, end [also TERM-] < IE ter- to get over, break thru
conterminous, determinant, determinate, determination, determinative, determine, exterminate, extermination, exterminator, term, terminable, terminal, terminate, termination, terminator, terminology, terminus (termini pl.), terminus ante quem, terminus post quem, termone (clipped-blend of (de)term(ining) (hor)mone)

VINC-, VICT- to conquer
convict, conviction, convictive, convince, evict, evince (to show or demonstrate, manifest), invincible, vanquish, victor, Victor/ia, victorious, victory, N.b. victim not related

Latin Lesson XXIV

AUD- to hear [< IE au - (awis-dh-) > GK. aisthanesthai > aesthetics, anesthesia]
audible, audience, audio, audiology, audiophile, audiovisual (A.V.), audit, audition, auditor, auditorium, auditory, inaudible, , Disguised Roots: obedience, obedient, obeisance (a gesture of respect or reverence), obey

CARN- flesh [< IE (s)ker to cut]
carnage, carnal, carnation (orig. the color of flesh), carnival, carnivore, carnivorous, chile con carne, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnation, Disguised Root: carrion, caruncle (an outgrowth of flesh), crone (an ugly, withered old woman, hag; but crony < Gk khronios long-lasting), charnel [house] (Building in which bones or corpses are placed); For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge: charge on which prostitutes were arrested in Britan and basis for a folk etymology created from acronym of this phrase.

NUNCI- [NOUNC-] to announce
announce, annunciation, denounce, denunciate, enunciate, pronounce, pronunciation, renounce, renunciation

PRESS- to press
compress, compression, compressor, depress, depressant, depression, express, expression, expressionism, expressive, impress, impression, impressionable, impressionism, impressive, oppress, oppression, oppressive, press, pressure, repress, repression, repressive, suppress, suppressant, suppression, Disguised Root: print, imprint, reprimand, sprain

PROPRI- ones own; fitting
appropriate, expropriate, improper, impropriety, inappropriate, proper, property, proprietary, proprietor, propriety, in propria persona (Legal Phrase = in ones own person or right)

SAT(IS)- enough
dissatisfy, insatiable, insatiate (= insatiable), polyunssaturated, sate, satiable, satiate, satiety, satire, satisfaction, satisfy, saturant, saturate, saturation


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