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CC 303: Latin and Greek Elements in English

ALIEN-: of another
alien, alienation, alienate, unalienable

ART-: art, skill
art, artifact, artificial, ars gratia artis

FIN-: end, limit, border [< IE: dhigw, to stick in]
define/definition, definite (adj. ending)/indefinite, affinity, finis, finish, finite, finitude (-quality of), fine, final, finale, finalist, finality, finance/financial/financier, infinite, infinite, refine, unfinished, ad infinitum.

FIRM-: firm, strong
firm, firmament (the sky, viewed poetically as a solid arch or vault), firmness, affirm/affirmation, confirm, infirm, infirmary, infirmity, terra firma, (cp. farm < OE, orig. to make a contract, thus to make firm, secure)

FORT-: strong, strength [< IE: bheregh, high, elevated]
fort, fortress, forte, fortitude, comfort, comforter, effort, fortification, fortify, pianoforte, [Disguised Root: force, forcible...]

GRAND-: great, large [< IE: gwrendh, to swell up]
grand, grandeur, grandiose, aggrandize, grandiloquent, grand prix ("great prize")

GRAV-, [GRIEV-]: heavy
grave (adj.), gravity, gravitate, gravitation, aggravation, grief, to grieve, grievance, grievous, aggrieve..cognate w/ Gk baros heavy: cf. barometer, baritone. N.B. ‚ grave noun, "a burial place" which is < OE grafan...to dig, enGRAVE, cp. groove, grub

LIMIN-: threshold
liminal, eliminate, elimination, subliminal, preliminary/prelim

LINE-, [LIGN-]: line, cord
line, lineage, lineal, lineament, linear, aline, alinement, delineate, delineation, [Disguised Root: align, alignment]. N.B. liniment, < linere, to anoint, is not in this family.

LOC-: place [< Lat. locus < IE: stel, to set up, stand, location]
local, locale, locality, localization, locate, location, locative, locus, allocate, dislocate/dislocation, relocate/relocation, locomotion [cf. Fr. lieu, in lieu of, mileu; lots of legal terms: locum tenens, in loco parentis]

NIHIL-: nothing [Latin nihil (contraction of ninothing + hilum thing)]
facere); Legal Terms: nihil debet (he/she owes nothing), nihil dicit (he/she says nothing), nihil habet (he/she has nothing), whence nil, nihil, nihilism, nihilist, nihility, annihilation, nihilify (P> NOMIN-: name [< IE (o)nomn, name > Eng. name]
nominal, nominalism, nominate, nominative, nominee, denomination, denominator, ignominious, ignominy, misnomer, nomenclature, [Disguised Root: noun, renown, Fr. nom de plume]

NUL(L)-: nothing [< Lat. non + ullus (any)]
annul, annulment, nullification, nullipara (in obstetrics, a woman who has never given birth to a child)

PART-: part
partial, partible, particle, particular, partisan, partition, partly, partner, party, apart, apartment, counterpart, depart, department, departure, participant, participle, participate, bipartite [cf. PORT- apportion, disproportionate; ME parcel, parse, partake]

PULS- [PEL-]: to push [< Lat. pulsare < IE: pel to beat, strike]
pulsate/pulsation, pulse, propulsion, expulsion, compulsion, repulsion; compel, expel, impel, propel, repel...appeal, repeal

VERB-: word, verb
verb, verbal, verbalize, verbatim, verbiage, verbose, adverb, adverbial, verbum sapienti sat est ("a word to the wise is sufficient"; abbr.: verbum sap.)

VEST-: garment [< IE wes- wear]
vest, invest, devest, investiture, transvestite, travesty

APT-: to fit...to grasp, reach, fasten [< Lat. apere < IE: ap to grasp, reach]
apt, aptitude, adapt, adaptation, inept, ineptitude, apex (a point, thing reached), apse, attitude, copulate, couple

CED-, CESS-: to go, yield
cede, exceed, proceed, recede, secede, procession, recession, secession

CUMB-, CUB-: to lie
concubine, incubate, incumbency, incumbent, recumbent, succumb, cubic, cubicle, cubit

DUC-, DUCT-: to lead
abduct, conduct, deduct, deduce, produce, seduce, duct, conduit, product, production, seduction...

FAC-, FIC-, FACT-, FECT-: to make
factory, manufacture, affect, defect, efficient...

FER-: to bring, carry, bear [cf. LAT- ]
fertile, fertilization, fertilizer, afferent, circumference, confer, defer, deference, deferential, differ, difference, infer, offer, prefer, proffer, refer, suffer, transfer...

JUDIC-: judgment
adjudicate, adjudication, judicious, prejudice, judicative...

JUR-, JUST-: right, law, take an oath, form an opinion
jurisdiction, jurisprudence, injury, jury, conjure, just, justify, adjust

LECT-: to gather [cf. LEG-, LIG-]
collect, collection, collective, elect, election, electorate, intellect...

LEG-: law [cf. LEX-, LIT-]
legal, legitimate, legislate, litigant, litigious, privilege

LEV-: light (in weight), to lift
levity, elevate, alleviate

LOQU-, LOCUT-: to speak
loquacious, colloquy, elocution, interlocutor

LUD-, LUS-: to play, mock
allude, elude, ludicrous, postlude, prelude, allusion, elusion, elusive

PREC- to request, beg, prayer
precarious, precatory, deprecate (to feel and express disapproval of; plead against), deprecatory, deprecating, imprecate, (Disguised Root: pray, prayer, prithee)

SACR- (SECR-): holy
sacral, sacrament, sacred, consecrate/consecration, desecrate/desecration, execrate (to curse), sacerdotal, sacrifice, sacrilege, sacrosanct

SED- (SID- SES-): to sit
sedan, sedentary, supersede, assess, obsess, supersession, preside, president, reside, residence..., subside, subsidy (orig. auxiliary or reserve troops), subsidize, posses (lit. to sit as master), possessed, possession...

SIMIL-, SIMUL-: like
similar, simile, similitude, simulate, assemble, assimilate, dissimulate, facsimile (Fax machine), dissemble...

TRUD-, TRUS-: to push, thrust
detrude, extrude, intrude, obtrude, protrude, abstruse (lit. pushed away, difficult to understand), intrusion, obtrusion, protrusion...

VEN-, VENT- [VENU-]: to come
adventure, convention, invention, venture, venue, avenue, convenant, convene, convenience, convenient, eventual, eventuality, intervene, provenance (place of origin), revenue, supervene (to come or happen as sth additional to norm), advent, adventitious, convent, inventory, intervention...