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CC 303: Latin and Greek Elements in English

CRE-, CRESC-, CRET- to grow
create, creation, creative, creativity, creator, crescent, crescendo, increment, decrease, increase, procreate, recreate, concrete, accretion, croissant (lit. crescent)
� excrete

I-, IT- to go
itinerant, ininerary, ambition, circuit, coitus, exit, initial, obituary, preterit, reiterate, sedition, transient, transit, transition, transitive

JUG-, JUNCT-, [JOIN-], [JOINT-] a yoke; to join
conjugal, conjugate, subjugate, jugular, adjunct, conjunction, conjuncture, subjunctive, junction, join, joint, adjoining, disjoint, rejoinder

LEG-, (LIG-), LECT- to choose, pick out, read, [speak]
legend, legendary, legible, legion, legume, lectern, lection, lector, collect, collection, collectivism, elect, election, electorate, intellect, neglect, elegant, illegible, diligence, eligible, predilection, sacrilege, colleague, elite
� Lat. leg/lex/lit �law� legal, legitimate etc;
related but � to: Gk. lect/leg/lex �word, tell, read� dialect, dyslexia

MON- to warn, advise, show < monstrum �a divine portent�
monitor, monster, monstrance, monstrosity, monstrous, monument, monumental, admonish, summon, admonish, admonitory, premonition, demonstrable, demonstrate, remonstrate

SOLV-, SOLUT- to free, loosen
soluble, solute, solution, solve, solvent, dissoluble, absolute, absolution, dissolute, resolute, absolve, dissolve, insolvent, resolve

FERV- to boil, bubble
fervent, fervency, fervid, fervor , effervescent, ferment, fermentation; Grimm�s Law bh(f)/b: bread, breath, breathe, brew, brood

FRANG-, (FRING-), FRACT- to break
fraction, fractional, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragment, fragmentary, fragmentation, frangible, diffract, diffraction, infraction, refract, refraction, infringe, infringment, irrefragable, fracas (frangere+cassare �to quash�) frail, frailty, Technical: ossifrage, saxifrage;
Grimm�s Law bh(f)/b: breach, break

GRAN- grain (grain < OF graine < Lat. granum)
granita, granite, granular, granulate, granulation, granule, granivorous, pomegranate, Disguised Root: garner, gravy (orig. a dish seasoned w/ grain), grenade (< pomegranate & its shape), ingrain = engrain, grain, gram, Lat. phrase: cum grano salis �with a grain of salt�
Grimm�s Law g/k: corn, kernel

MINOR-, MINUS-, MINUT- small, smaller
minor, minority, minus, minuscule, minimize, minimum, minute, minutia/minutiae, minuet, menu,...(mince, mincing, minister, administrative [cp. magister < magis �more�], minstral)

PATI-, PASS- to endure, suffer
passion, passionate, passive, patience, patient, compassion, dispassionate , impassioned, compatible, impatient
Grimm�s Law p/f: fiend (< OE feond �enemy, devil� < G < IE pei �to hurt�)

QUIR-, QUISIT-, QUEST- to ask, seek, get by asking (obtain, gain)
query, quest, question, questionnaire, conquer, conquest, inquest, request, acquire, inquire, require, acquisition, acquisitive, disquisition, exquisite inquisition, requisite, prerequisite, requisition, conquistador (conqueror)

SEC-, SEG-, SECT- to cut
sector, section, sectional, segment, dissect, insect, intersection, subsection, bisect, trisect

AG-, (IG-), ACT- to do, drive
act, action, actionable, activate, activator, active, activity, actual, actualize, actuary, actuate, agendum, agency, agent, agile, agitate, counteract, exact, hyperactivity, inaction, interact, react, reaction, retroactive, transact, coagulate, cogency, cogitate, exigency, prodigal, intransigent, ambiguous, fumigate, litigate, navigable, navigate

CLAM-, [CLAIM-] to cry out
claim, claimant, conclamation, declamation, declamatory, disclamation, exclamation, proclamation, acclaim, declaim, disclaim, exclaim, proclaim, reclaim COG- to think, reflect, consider < co+AG
cogent, cogitation ...see AG-

DIC-, DICT- to say
dictate, dictation, dictator, dictatorial, diction, dictionary, dictum, abdicate, dedicate, indicate, indication, indicative, indicator, predicament, predicate, predication, addict, addiction, addictive, contradict, edict, interdict, predict, benediction, jurisdiction, malediction, verdict, index Grimm�s Law d/t: teach

GER-, GEST- to carry
gerund, gestation, gesticulate, gesture, congest, digest, digestion, ingest, suggest, exaggerate, belligerence, belligerent

MIT(T)-, MIS(S)- to send, let go
demise, compromise, premise, promise, surmise (super+), admissible, admission, commissary, commission, dismiss, emissary, emission, intermission, omission (ob+), permission, promissory, remiss, submission, transmission, admit, commit, committee, remit, remittance, transmit, manumission, Mass (ite, missa est contio)

SCI- to know
science, scientist, conscience, conscientious, conscious, nescient, prescience, scientific, omniscient

SON- sound [< IE SWEN- > E. sound]
sonar acronym < �sound navigation and ranging�; sonic, sonnet, sonorous, assonance, consonance, dissonance, supersonic, resonance, resonate, unison, son et lumi�re, sonata

VAL-, [VAIL-] to be strong, to be worthy [< IE WAL- > E wield]
valence, valid, valor, value, ambivalence, convalesce, convalescence, devaluation, evaluate, invalid, prevalence, valediction, valedictorian, equivalent, ad valorem (according to the value, a tax)

ERR- to wander
erratic, erratum/errata, erroneous, error, aberrant, � knight-errant, errand

JAC-, JECT- to throw (also �to lie down�)
adjacent, ejaculate, ejaculation, ejaculatory, abject, adjective, conjecture, dejected, eject, inject, interject, object, objection, objective, project, projectile, reject, subject, trajectory

NOMEN-, NOMIN- name, noun
denominate, denomination, denominator, ignominious, ignominy, (ig-=in- not), misnomer, pronominal, nomenclature, nominate

SCRIB-, SCRIPT- to write
scribe, script, scripture, ascribe, circumscribe, describe, inscribe, prescribe, proscribe, subscribe, description, descriptive, inscription, postscript p.s., prescriptive, superscript, conscript, transcript, transcription, nondescript, manuscript...scribble, sans-serif, shrift

ST(A)-, STIT-, SIST- to stand (STAN-, STET-, STIC-, STOR-..).
stability, stable, stance, stand, state, static, station, stationary, statue, stature, statute, status, constable (orig. count of the stable, chief groom), establish, metastable, circumstance, constancy, distance, substance, constant, distant, instant, obstetric, constituency, constituent, constitute, constitution, constitutional, constitutive, destitute, institute, institution, prostitute, destitute, restitution, substitute, superstition, extant, armistice, estate, state, etc.

VOLV-, VOLUT- to roll
volume, voluminous, evolution, revolt, revolting, convolute, devolution, evolve, involve, revolve, Volvo � vol in volition, voluntary, volunteer

CAPIT-, (CIPIT-) head [< IE kaput �cup-shaped�]
capital (chief), capitalism, capitalize, capitol, capitulate, decapitate, recapitulate (repeat, iterate), occiput (back of the head), precipitate, precipitation (precipice), per capita, Das Kapital

DISGUISED ROOT: cap, cape, captain, caprice, escape (to leave ones cloak or cape behind), escapade, biceps, triceps, chattel/cattle, chef, kerchief, handkerchief [< OF couvrechef], chapter, chapeau, chapel, chaplain, achievable, achieve, mischief, scapegoat

GNO-, NO-, NOT- to know [< cognoscere < IE gno- to know >G. knew- > E know, can, cunning, con]
cognition, cognitive, cognizance, connoisseur, ennoble, ignorant, nobility, noble, nobleman/woman, noblesse oblige, notable, notary, notify, notion, notorious, recognizable, recognize, reconnaissance,
(Latin nota �a mark, note, sign > note, annotate, connote)
[Gk. gignosko- > gnome, gnomon, gnosis, agnostic, diagnosis, physiognomy, prognosis]

LOC- place (collocate); Lat. locus classicus, locum tenens, in loco parentis, loco citatio (loc. cit.), local, locale, localism, locality, localization, localize, locally, locate, location, locative (linguistic term), locus/loci, allocate, collocate, dislocate, dislocation, relocate, relocation, locomotion, locomotive, Fr. lieu, couch (P> PUT- to prune, reckon, think
putative, amputate, compute, computation, computer, deputation, depute, deputy, disputation, dispute, imputation, impute, reputation, repute

RADIC- root [< IE wrad- > E. root]
radical, radicant (# under a radical sign), radish, eradicate, ineradicable, deracinate

ROG- to ask
abrogate (to abolish by authority) , arrogance, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogation, derogative, derogatory, interrogate, prerogative

SPIR- to breath
spirit, aspirate, aspiration, aspire, conspiracy, conspirator, conspiratorial, conspire, expiration, expire, inspiration, inspire, perspiration, perspire, respiration, respirator, respiratory, respire, transpire, esprit de corps

AL-, ALT- to nourish, grow tall
alimentary, aliment (� ailment), alimony, coalesce, alma mater, alumnus/a/i, altar, altissimo, altitude, alto, exalt, altimeter, � alter, alteration etc.

MEDI- middle
medial, median, mediate, mediation, medium/media, immediate, intermediary, intermediate, medieval, mediocre, Mediterranean

MIGR- to move from one place to another
migrant, migrate, migratory, emigrant, emigrate, �migr�, immigrant, transmigrate, transmigration
� migraine < hemikrania �pain in half the head�

MORT- death [
mortal, mortality, mortar, mortician, mortuary, mortification, mortify, immortal, post mortem, rigor mortis, amortize, mortgage

PET- to seek
petition, petulant, appetite, appetizer, appetizing, compete, competence, competent, competition, competitive, competitor, impetuous, impetus, perpetual, perpetuate, perpetuity, repetition, repetitious, repetitive, propitiate, propitious, centripetal, repeat, petitio principii �begging the question� (in logic the fallacy of assuming in the premise of an argument that which one wishes to prove in the conclusion)

PUG(N)- to fight, a fist
pugilism (boxing), pugnacious, expugnable , impugn, repugnant, inexpugnable