CC 302/347 INTRO TO ANCIENT ROME

Outline for Lecture 9: Patriarchy, Family & Power


Patriarchy

- patriarchy is the dominant feature of the Roman social system.

- father rules the family; family provides a model for political structures

- cf. Senate, whose members are patres ("fathers")

- misogyny and marginalization of women

The Roman Family

- Roman concept of family (familia) very diffuse: a "family community" or household

- household headed by a male (usually father or husband) called a paterfamilias

- patria potestas includes:

  • absolute legal control over the lives of all children
  • the legal right to expose a newborn child (i.e. only the father's decision)
  • the power to marry his children
  • the right to force his children to divorce spouses
  • the right to kill wife or children

- power hierarchy of the Roman family:

  • everyone subordinate to paterfamilias
  • women subordinate to men;
  • children subordinate to parents;
  • slaves subordinate to everyone

Marriage

- purposes of Roman marriage:

  • to produce legitimate children
  • to forge political alliances
  • financial gain

- divorces put into effect for various reasons

  • adultery (usually on by the wife)
  • infertility (this was always the woman's fault)
  • political reasons


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