CC 302/347 INTRO TO ANCIENT ROME

Outline for Lecture 35: Roman Architecture


Basic Features of Roman Architecture

- first true utilitarian architecture in history

- importance of interior space

- exploitation of concrete (cement the favorite building material of the Romans)

- arch was literally the building-block of Roman architecture

Amphitheaters: the Colosseum

- Amphi-theatres are "theatres in the round"

- Colosseum (aka Amphitheatrum Flavium) - 80 CE

Hippodromes: the Circus Maximus

- Circus Maximus in Rome, first begun in 46 BCE by Julius Caesar.

- 600 meters long, a race track.

- During the reign of Constantine, the Circus Maximus held about 250,000

Theaters

- early theaters always temporary

- 55 BC Pompey built a permanent theater in Rome

- some Roman theaters had permanent roofs

- most built on level ground (unlike Greek theaters)

Temples

- rectangular temple form borrowed from the Greeks

- Pantheon is a combination of 2 styles, a rectangular porch attached to a domed interior

- From the outside, the Pantheon appears rather dull and abnormal; magnificent interior space

- lighting from central aperture in dome

- an example of Roman architects stretching the dome to its limits

Thermae

- example of public, utilitarian architecture

- often massive & remarkable interiors

The Roman House

- the center of an upper-class Roman home was the atrium

- a walk-way surrounded the impluvium or pool.

- various rooms opened onto the walk-way -- bedrooms, living quarters, etc.


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