CC 302/347 INTRO TO ANCIENT ROME

Outline for Lecture 33: Fall of Rome (i)


The Later Empire

- a series of "Good Emperors" restored order, peace and prosperity

  1. Nerva (96-98)
  2. Trajan (98&endash;117)
  3. Hadrian (117-138)
  4. Antoninus Pius (138-161)
  5. Marcus Aurelius (161&endash;180)

- the "Golden Age" of the empire

- succession by adoption

Crisis of the Third Century

- the "Barracks Emperors" (235-284)

- twenty emperors ruled during this period of time: leadership crisis.

- increasing pressure from outside invaders

- total chaos until 284: political & military

- economic breakdown: failure of currency leads to

  • inflation
  • economy "in kind"

Diocletian (284-305)

- summary: his reforms initiated recovery, though not all were lasting

- political reform to stabilize succession: Tetrarchy

[empire divided into two halves, each ruled by an "Augustus" with a "Caesar"]

- administrative reform: reorganizes empire into smaller administrative units

- economic reform:

  • currency returned to standard
  • wage/price controls

- tax reform: simplified to taxation by property and by head

- restrictions on individual freedoms to stabilize professions

- drastic times called for drastic measures

- persecution of Christians


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