CC 302/347 INTRO TO ANCIENT ROME

Outline for Lecture 26: Roman Religion (i)


State Religion

- object: to secure the "peace" of the gods (pax deorum).

- no moral element; stress on correct performance of ritual.

- Romans took over the gods of the Greek pantheon.

- Romans "collected" gods

-Roman priests were the pontifices; head of all was Pontifex Maximus.

- Colleges:

  • Pontifical College
  • College of Augurs (interpretation of omens)
  • Quindecimviri Sacris Faciundis (maintain and consult Sibylline books)
  • College of Epulones

- no separation of church and state: e.g. Julius Caesar

Ritual

- Importance in ritual of getting everything right: cf. computer passwords

- if something goes wrong with ceremony, it has to be done again (and again)

- In either case, notion of contract to be noted: do ut des formula

Sacrifice

- most often, animals sacrificed

- sacrificing an animal was a messy business

- examination of entrails

- abnormalities meant repetition

Omens & Divination

Extispicium

- the liver was believed to indicate the will of the gods

Auspices/ Augury

- consulting the birds


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